Italy -
Arbitration (Title VIII of Book IV of the Italian Code of Civil Procedure)
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1 |
Chapter
I - Submission to Arbitration and Arbitration Clause
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2 |
Article
806 - Submission to Arbitration
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3 |
The parties may have the disputes arising between them
decided by arbitrators, with the exception of the disputes provided for in
Articles 409 and 442, 1 those concerning issues of personal status and
marital separation and those other disputes which may not be the subject of a
settlement. |
4 |
Article
807 - Form of the Submission to Arbitration
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5 |
The submission to arbitration shall, under penalty of
nullity, be made in writing and shall indicate the subject matter of the
dispute. |
6 |
The written form requirement is considered complied with
when the intention of the parties is expressed by telegram or telex. |
7 |
The submission to arbitration is subject to the provisions
governing the validity of contracts which go beyond administration in the
ordinary course of business. |
8 |
Article
808 - Arbitration Clause
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9 |
The parties may establish in their contract or in a
separate document that the disputes arising out of the contract be decided by
arbitrators, provided that such disputes may be the subject of a submission
to arbitration. The arbitration clause shall be contained in a document
meeting the formal requirements for a submission to arbitration according to
Article 807, paragraphs 1 and 2. |
10 |
The disputes indicated in Article 409 may be decided by
arbitrators only if this is provided for in the collective labour contracts
and agreements, on the condition, under penalty of nullity, that this occurs,
without prejudice to the parties' right of recourse to the judicial
authorities. The arbitration clause contained in collective labour contracts
and agreements or in individual labour contracts is null and void when it
authorizes the arbitrators to decide ex aequo et bono or when it declares the
award not to be subject to recourse. |
11 |
The validity of the arbitration clause shall be evaluated
independently from the underlying contract; nevertheless, the capacity to
enter into the contract includes the capacity to agree to the arbitration
clause. |
12 |
Article 809 - Number and Manner of Appointment of Arbitrators
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13 |
There may be one or more arbitrators, provided that
their number is uneven. |
14 |
The submission to arbitration or the arbitration clause
shall contain the appointment of the arbitrators or establish their number
and the manner in which they are to be appointed. |
15 |
Where an even number of arbitrators is indicated, the
additional arbitrator shall be appointed by the President of the Court
(tribunale) in the manner specified in Article 810, unless the parties have
agreed otherwise. Where the number of arbitrators is not indicated and where
the parties do not agree thereon, there shall be three arbitrators and,
failing their appointment, the President of the Court (tribunale) shall
proceed therewith in the manner specified in Article 810, unless the parties
have provided otherwise. |
16 |
Chapter
II - The Arbitrators
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17 |
Article 810 - Appointment of the Arbitrators
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18 |
Where, in accordance with the provisions of the submission
to arbitration or of the arbitration clause, the arbitrators are to be
appointed by the parties, each party, by means of a bailiff's notification
may inform the other party of its appointment of an arbitrator or arbitrators
and request said other party to name its own arbitrators. The party so
requested shall, within twenty days, serve notice of the personal data
regarding the arbitrator or arbitrators appointed by it. |
19 |
Failing this, the party which has made the request may
petition the President of the Court (tribunale) in whose district the
arbitration has its seat, to make the appointment. If the parties have not
yet determined the seat of arbitration, the petition is presented to the
President of the Court (tribunale) in the place where the submission to
arbitration or the contract to which the arbitration clause refers has been
executed or, if such place is abroad, to the President of the Court
(tribunale) of Rome. The President, having heard the other party where
necessary, shall issue his order against which there shall be no recourse. |
20 |
The same provision is applied where the submission to
arbitration or the arbitration clause has entrusted the appointment of one or
more arbitrators to the judicial authority or where, if entrusted to a third
party, that third party has failed to act. |
21 |
Article 811 - Replacement of Arbitrators
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22 |
Where, for whatever reason, all or some of the
arbitrators appointed are unable to act, they shall be replaced in accordance
with the procedures established for their appointment in the submission to
arbitration or in the arbitration clause. If the party responsible for the
appointment, or the third party, fails to act or if the submission to
arbitration or the arbitration clause is silent on the question, the
provisions of the preceding Article shall apply. |
23 |
Article 812 - Capacity to Act as Arbitrator
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24 |
The arbitrators may be Italian or foreign nationals. |
25 |
Minors, incapacitated and mentally disabled persons,
bankrupts and persons barred from public office cannot be arbitrators. |
26 |
Article 813 - Acceptance and Duties of the Arbitrators
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27 |
The acceptance of the arbitrators shall be in writing
and may result from their signatures on the submission to arbitration. |
28 |
The arbitrators shall render their award within the
time-limit set by the parties or by law; if they fail to do so and the award
is set aside on this ground, the arbitrators shall be held liable for
damages. They shall likewise be liable for damages if, after accepting their
appointment, they relinquish the office without just cause. |
29 |
Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the arbitrator
who omits or delays to carry out an act related to his office, may be
replaced by agreement between the parties or by the third party so empowered
in the submission to arbitration or in the arbitration clause. Failing this,
after a period of fifteen days from notice sent by registered mail to the
arbitrator demanding that he take action, each of the parties shall have the
right to petition the President of the Court (tribunale) in whose district
the arbitration has its seat. The President, having heard the parties, shall
issue an order against which there shall be no recourse and, where he
ascertains the omission or the delay, shall declare the arbitrator discharged
and proceed to replace him. |
30 |
Article 814 - Rights of the Arbitrators
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31 |
The arbitrators shall be entitled to the reimbursement
of their expenses and to a fee for services rendered except where they have
waived their right to same at the time of their acceptance or in a subsequent
written statement. The parties shall be jointly and severally liable for
payment subject to the right of mutual recovery. |
32 |
Where the arbitrators themselves fix the amount of the
expenses and of the fee, their decision shall not be binding upon the parties
if they do not accept it. In this case, the amount of the expenses and of the
fee shall be determined, upon the arbitrators' petition and after hearing the
parties, by an order of the President of the Court (tribunale) specified in
Article 810, paragraph 2, against which there shall be no recourse. |
33 |
The order shall be enforceable against the parties. |
34 |
Article 815 - Challenge of the Arbitrators
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35 |
The party can challenge the arbitrator not appointed by
it for the reasons indicated in Article 51. |
36 |
This challenge shall be made by petition to the President
of the Court (tribunale) indicated in Article 810, paragraph 2, within the
peremptory time-limit of ten days after the appointment has been notified or
from the time the ground for the challenge came to the party's knowledge, if
later. The President, having heard the challenged arbitrator and, where
necessary, having made summary enquiries, shall issue an order against which
there shall be no recourse. |
37 |
Chapter
III - The Proceedings
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38 |
Article 816 - Course of the Proceedings
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39 |
The parties shall determine the seat of the arbitration
within the territory of the Republic; failing this the arbitrators shall
decide thereon at their first meeting. |
40 |
The parties may establish the rules of procedure to be
observed by the arbitrators in the submission to arbitration or in the
arbitration clause or in a separate writing, provided that same precedes the
commencement of the arbitration proceedings. |
41 |
Failing such regulations, the arbitrators may regulate
the proceedings as they best see fit. |
42 |
In any case, they shall set time-limits for the parties
to produce documents and briefs and to present their replies. |
43 |
The taking of evidence may be delegated by the
arbitrators to one member of the panel. |
44 |
All issues arising in the course of the proceedings
shall be decided by the arbitrators [ABROGATED: before the award is rendered]
by an order which is not subject to filing [with the Magistrate's Court] and
may be revoked, with the exception of the case specified in Article 819. |
45 |
Article 817 - Objection of Lack of Jurisdiction
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46 |
The party which, during the arbitration proceedings,
fails to raise the objection that the other party's pleadings exceed the
limits of the submission to arbitration or of the arbitration clause, may
not, on this ground, challenge the award for nullity. |
47 |
Article 818 - Interim Measures of Protection
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48 |
The arbitrators may not grant attachment or other
interim measures of protection. |
49 |
Article 819 - Incidental Issues
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50 |
If during the course of the proceedings a question
arises which, according to law is not arbitrable, the arbitrators, if they
deem that the matter submitted to them depends upon the resolution of said
question, shall stay the proceedings [ABROGATED: and shall order that the
parties file a request before the competent court]. |
51 |
In all other cases, the arbitrators shall decide all
questions arising in the course of the arbitration proceedings. |
52 |
In the case specified in the first paragraph, the
time-limit set in Article 820 shall be suspended until the day on which one
of the parties shall serve notice upon the arbitrators of the judgment in the
incidental issue once it has become res judicata; if fewer than sixty days
remain before the expiry of the time-limit, then said time-limit shall
automatically be extended to sixty days. |
53 |
Article 819-bis Connected Cases (Connessione)
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54 |
(This Article is included for the first time) |
55 |
The jurisdiction of the arbitrators is not excluded by
the fact that the dispute referred to them is connected with an action
pending before the court. |
56 |
Article 819-ter Hearing of Witnesses
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57 |
(This Article is included for the first time) |
58 |
The arbitrators may hear the witness by requesting him
to appear before them or decide to hear his statement at his home or office,
if he agrees. They may also decide to hear the witness by requesting him to
give written answers to questions within the time-limit established by them. |
59 |
Chapter
IV - The Award
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60 |
Article 820 - Time-Limit for the Decision
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61 |
Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the
arbitrators shall render their award within one hundred and eighty days of
acceptance of their appointment. If there are several arbitrators and they
did not all accept at the same time, the time-limit begins to run from the
last acceptance. Where a challenge against an arbitrator is filed, the
time-limit shall be suspended until a decision is made on the challenge and
it shall be interrupted where it is necessary to replace an arbitrator. |
62 |
Where evidence must be taken or an interlocutory award
has been rendered, the arbitrators may extend the time-limit once only and
for not more than one hundred and eighty days. |
63 |
In case of the death of one of the parties, the
time-limit is extended by thirty days. |
64 |
The parties may agree in writing to an extension of the
time-limit. |
65 |
Article 821 - Relevance of the Expiry of the Time-Limit
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66 |
The expiry of the time-limit indicated in the preceding
Article may not be raised as a ground for setting aside the award if the
party, before the deliberation of the award resulting in the decision
(dispositivo) by the majority of the arbitrators, has failed to notify the
other parties and the arbitrators of its intention to raise the objection of
the termination of the arbitrators' authority. |
67 |
Article 822 - Rules for the Deliberation [of the Award]
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68 |
The arbitrators shall decide their award according to
the rules of law unless the parties have, through any expression whatsoever,
authorized them to settle the dispute ex aequ et bono. |
69 |
Article 823 - Deliberation of and Requirements for the Award
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70 |
The award shall be deliberated by a majority vote of the
arbitrators personally meeting together. It shall then be set down in
writing. |
71 |
It shall contain: |
72 |
1) the names of the parties; |
73 |
2) the indication of the submission to arbitration or of
the arbitration clause and of the issues submitted for decision; |
74 |
3) a brief statement of the reasons; |
75 |
4) the decision of the issues (dispositivo); |
76 |
5) the indication of the seat of the arbitration and of
the place or the manner in which it was deliberated; |
77 |
6) the signatures of all of the arbitrators, with the
indication of the day, month and year of their signature; the arbitrators may
sign in a place other than the place of deliberation, as well as abroad. If
there is more than one arbitrator, they may sign in different places without
having to meet personally again. |
78 |
However, an award signed only by the majority of the
arbitrators shall be valid provided that mention is made that it was
deliberated in the presence of all the arbitrators and that it states
expressly that the other arbitrators were either unwilling or unable to sign.
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79 |
The award shall be binding on the parties from the date
of the last signature. |
80 |
Article 824 - Place of Decision
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81 |
ABROGATED: [The award shall be decided in Italy.] |
82 |
Article 825 - Filing of the Award
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83 |
The arbitrators shall prepare the award in as many
original copies as there are parties and shall serve notice thereof upon each
party by delivery of an original copy, or by sending it by registered mail,
within ten days from the date of the last signature. |
84 |
The party intending to have the award enforced in the
territory of the Republic shall file an original copy of the award or a
certified copy thereof, together with the submission to arbitration or the
document containing the arbitration clause or an equivalent document in
original or in certified copy, with the Registry (cancelleria) of the
Magistrate's Court (pretura) of the district in which the arbitration has its
seat [ABROGATED: within one year of receipt of the award]. |
85 |
[ABROGATED: This time-limit is peremptory.] |
86 |
The Magistrate (Pretore), after ascertaining that the
award [ABROGATED: has been filed within the time-limit and] meets all formal
requirements, enforces it by decree. The award which has been declared
enforceable shall be registered in all cases where a judgment of the same
content would be subject to registration. [ABROGATED: The Magistrate's decree
confers on the award the same effects as those of a judgment.] |
87 |
The Registry (cancelleria) shall notify the parties of
the filing and of the Magistrate's decree provided for in Article 133,
paragraph 2. |
88 |
A recourse against the decree [ABROGATED: of the
Magistrate] denying enforcement of the award may be filed by petition with
the [ABROGATED: President of the] Court (tribunale) within thirty days of
notification; the Court (tribunale), meeting in chambers and after having
heard the parties, shall issue an order against which there shall be no
recourse. |
89 |
Article 826 - Correction of the Award
|
90 |
On the request of a party, the award may be corrected by
the same arbitrators who have rendered it, where there have been omissions,
material errors or miscalculations. |
91 |
The arbitrators, having heard the parties, shall take
action within twenty days. The decision shall be communicated to the parties,
also by registered mail, within ten days from the date of the last signature.
|
92 |
If the award has already been filed, the petition for
correction is presented to the Magistrate (pretore) of the place where the
award has been filed. The provisions of Article 288 are applicable in so far
as they are compatible. |
93 |
Chapter
V - Means of Recourse
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94 |
Article 827 - Means of Recourse
|
95 |
The award may only be subject to recourse for setting
aside, for revocation or third party opposition. |
96 |
The recourse may be filed irrespective of the filing of
the award. |
97 |
The award partially deciding on the merits of the
dispute may be challenged immediately, whereas the award which decides some
of the issues without resolving the dispute may be challenged only together
with the final award. |
98 |
Article 828 - Recourse for Setting Aside
|
99 |
A recourse for setting aside may be filed with the
Court of Appeal of the district in which the arbitration has its seat, within
ninety days of notification of the award. |
100 |
[ABROGATED: The Magistrate (pretore), Court (tribunale)
or Court of Appeal have jurisdiction over the recourse for setting aside
according to whether the case which has been decided would have fallen within
the jurisdiction of the conciliator, Magistrate or Court (tribunale).] |
101 |
No recourse may be filed after one year from the date
of the last signature. |
102 |
The request to correct the award does not suspend the
time-limit for filing a recourse; however, the parts of the award which have
been corrected may be challenged within the ordinary time-limit, which begins
to run after notification of the decision on the correction. |
103 |
Article 829 - Grounds for Setting Aside
|
104 |
Notwithstanding any waiver, a recourse for setting
aside may be filed in the following cases: |
105 |
1) if the arbitration agreement is null and void; |
106 |
2) if the arbitrators have not been appointed according
to the provisions laid down in Chapters I and II of this Title, provided that
this ground for setting aside has been raised in the arbitration proceedings;
|
107 |
3) if the award has been rendered by a person who could
not be appointed arbitrator according to Article 812; |
108 |
4) if the award exceeds the limits of the submission to
arbitration or fails to decide one or more items in the submission to
arbitration or contains contradictory provisions, subject to the provisions
of Article 817; |
109 |
5) if the award does not comply with the requirements
of Article 823, paragraph 2, numbers 3), 4), 5), and 6) subject [in regard to
number 6] to the provisions in the third paragraph of said article |
110 |
6) if the award has been rendered after the expiry of
the time-limit indicated in Article 820, subject to the provisions of Article
821; |
111 |
7) if during the proceedings, those formalities laid
down under penalty of nullity for the proceedings for the ordinary courts
have not been observed, provided the parties had requested their observance
according to Article 816 and if the nullity has not been cured; |
112 |
8) if the award is contrary to a previous award which
is no longer subject to recourse or to a previous judgment having the force
of res judicata between the parties, provided that this objection has been
raised in the arbitration proceedings |
113 |
9) if the principle "audietur et altera pars"
(principio del contraddittorio) has not been respected in the arbitration
proceedings |
114 |
A recourse for setting aside may also be filed where
the arbitrators did not decide according to rules of law, unless the parties
have authorized them to decide ex aequo et bono or they have declared that
there may be no recourse against the award. |
115 |
In the case provided for in Article 808, paragraph 2,
the award is subject to recourse also for violation and misapplication of
collective labour contracts and agreements. |
116 |
Article 830 - Decision on the Recourse for Setting Aside
|
117 |
The Court of Appeal, when granting the recourse, issues
a judgment declaring the award null and void when the defect affects only a
part of the award which is separable from the others, it shall declare the
partial nullity of the award. |
118 |
Unless all of the parties have declared a contrary
intention, the Court of Appeal shall decide also on the merits, if the case
is ready for decision, or it shall remand the case with an order to the
instructing judge (istruttore), if the decision on the merits requires the
taking of further evidence. |
119 |
While the case is pending, the Court of Appeal may, on
the request of a party, make an order staying enforcement of the award. |
120 |
Article 831 - Revocation and Third Party Opposition
|
121 |
[ABROGATED: Where no recourse for setting aside may be
filed and] Notwithstanding any waiver, the award may be revoked in the cases
indicated at Article 395, number 1), 2), 3), and 6) within the time-limit and
according to the formalities provided for in Book II. |
122 |
If the cases mentioned in the first paragraph arise
during the setting aside proceedings, the time-limit for filing a request for
revocation shall be suspended until notification of the judgment on the
setting aside. |
123 |
The award is subject to third party opposition in the
cases indicated in Article 404. |
124 |
The request for revocation and third party opposition
shall be filed with the Court of Appeal of the district in which the
arbitration has its seat. |
125 |
The Court of Appeal may consolidate setting aside,
revocation and third party opposition proceedings, unless the stage reached
by the proceedings filed first does not allow an exhaustive discussion of and
decision on the other recourses. |
126 |
Chapter
VI - International Arbitration
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127 |
(This chapter is included for the first time) |
128 |
Article 832 - International Arbitration
|
129 |
If at the date of signing the arbitration clause or
submission to arbitration at least one of the parties has its domicile
(residenza) or principal place of business (sede effettiva) abroad, or if a substantial
part (parte rilevante) of the obligations arising out of the relationship to
which the dispute refers must be performed abroad, the provisions of Chapters
I to V of this Title shall apply to arbitration in so far as they are not
derogated from by this Chapter. |
130 |
The provisions of international treaties shall in any
case be applicable. |
131 |
Article 833 - Form of the Arbitration Clause
|
132 |
The arbitration clause contained in general conditions
of contract or in standard forms is not subject to the specific approval
provided for in Articles 1341 and 1342 of the Civil Code. |
133 |
The arbitration clause contained in general conditions
incorporated into a written agreement between the parties is valid, provided
that the parties had knowledge of the clause or should have had such
knowledge by using ordinary diligence. |
134 |
Article 834 - Rules Applicable to the Merits
|
135 |
The parties may agree among themselves upon the rules
which the arbitrators shall apply to the merits of the dispute or provide
that the arbitrators shall decide ex aequo et bono. If the parties are silent,
the law with which the relationship has its closest connection shall apply. |
136 |
In both cases the arbitrators shall take into account
the provisions of the contract and trade usages. |
137 |
Article 835 - Language of the Arbitration
|
138 |
Unless the parties have provided otherwise, the
language of the arbitration is determined by the arbitrators, taking into
account the circumstances. |
139 |
Article 836 - Challenge of the Arbitrators
|
140 |
The challenge of the arbitrators is governed by Article
815, unless the parties have provided otherwise. |
141 |
Article 837 - Deliberation of the Award
|
142 |
The award shall be deliberated by a majority of the
votes of the arbitrators meeting in personal conference or in video
conference, unless the parties have provided otherwise, and shall be
subsequently set down in writing. |
143 |
Article 838 - Recourse
|
144 |
Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the
provisions of Article 829, paragraph 2, Article 830, paragraph 2 and Article
831 shall not apply to international arbitration. |
145 |
Chapter
VII - Foreign Awards
|
146 |
Article 839 - Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
|
147 |
The party wishing to enforce a foreign award in the
Republic shall file a petition with the President of the Court of Appeal of
the district in which the other party has its domicile; if that party has no
domicile in Italy, the Court of Appeal of Rome shall have jurisdiction. |
148 |
The petitioner shall supply the original award or a
certified copy thereof, together with the original arbitration agreement or
an equivalent document, or a certified copy thereof. |
149 |
If the documents specified in the second paragraph are
not written in Italian, the petitioner shall in addition produce a certified
translation thereof. |
150 |
The President of the Court of Appeal after having
ascertained the formal regularity of the award, shall declare by decree the
enforceability of the foreign award in the Republic unless: |
151 |
1) the subject matter is not capable of settlement by
arbitration (la controversia non potesse formare oggetto di compromesso)
under Italian law; |
152 |
2) the award contains provisions contrary to public
policy. |
153 |
Article 840 - Opposition
|
154 |
An opposition may be filed against the decree granting
or denying enforcement of the foreign award by filing a writ of summons with
the Court of Appeal within thirty days of communication of the decree denying
enforcement or notification of the decree granting enforcement. |
155 |
After the filing of the opposition, the proceedings
shall be held in accordance with Article 645 and following in so far as they
are applicable. The Court of Appeal decides in a judgment subject to recourse
before the Supreme Court (Corte di Cassazione). |
156 |
The Court of Appeal shall refuse the recognition or the
enforcement of the foreign award if in the opposition proceedings the party
against which the award is invoked proves the existence of one of the
following circumstances: |
157 |
1) the parties to the arbitration agreement were, under
the law applicable to them, under some incapacity, or the arbitration
agreement is not valid under the law to which the parties have subjected it
or, failing any indication thereon, under the law of the State where the
award was made; |
158 |
2) the party against which the award is invoked was not
informed of the appointment of the arbitrator or of the arbitration
proceedings or was otherwise unable to present its case in the proceedings; |
159 |
3) the award decided upon a dispute not contemplated in
the submission to arbitration or in the arbitration clause, or exceeded the
limits of the submission to arbitration or of the arbitration clause;
nevertheless, if the decisions in the award which concern questions submitted
to arbitration can be separated from those concerning questions not so
submitted the first can be recognized and enforced; |
160 |
4) the composition of the arbitration tribunal or the
arbitration proceedings was not in accordance with the agreement of the
parties or, failing such an agreement, with the law of the place where the
arbitration took place; |
161 |
5) the award has not yet become binding on the parties
or has been set aside or suspended by a competent authority of the State in
which, or under the law of which, it was made. |
162 |
If an application for the setting aside or suspension
of the effects of the award has been made to the competent authority
indicated at number 5) of the third paragraph, the Court of Appeal may
adjourn the decision on the recognition or enforcement of the award; on the
request of the party seeking enforcement it may, in the case of suspension,
order the other party to give suitable security. |
163 |
Recognition or enforcement of a foreign award shall be
refused also where the Court of Appeal shall ascertain that: |
164 |
1) the subject matter is not capable of settlement by
arbitration (la controversia non potesse formare oggetto di compromesso)
under Italian law; |
165 |
2) the award contains provisions contrary to public
policy. |
166 |
In all cases, the provisions of international treaties
shall be applicable. |
167 |